Imperforate anus is corrected with surgery, and techniques differ depending on the nature of the defect. The condition is diagnosed by physical examination and x-rays. Other problems sometimes seen with imperforate anus include exomphalos (herniated intestines and other abdominal organs through a hole in the abdominal wall), oesphageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Symptoms include an absent or unusually located anus, no faeces passed within two days of birth, or faeces exiting the body via the vagina or urethra. The incidence of anorectal atresia (obstruction) and stenosis (narrowing) in Victoria is around one in every 1,800 births.
In many cases, the rectum may also be abnormally narrow, which further limits its function. The rectum may lead to other areas of the body, such as the vagina or urethra. The rectum may end in a closed sac without connecting to the anus at all. Instead of the rectum attaching normally to the anal opening, several malformations may occur: The trachea may temporarily collapse during episodes of hard breathing, such as crying, leading to noisy breathing and (sometimes) respiratory difficulties. Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. A characteristic cough, caused by the flaccidity of the trachea. Long term problems of a repaired tracheo-oesophageal fistula can include: The fistula is sewn closed, generally during the same operation to repair the oesophageal atresia. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula requires immediate surgery. Treatment for tracheo-oesophageal fistulaĪn x-ray will reveal air inside the oesophagus. #Blue tinge on bridge of nose skin
Symptoms include coughing and choking when feeding, and a blue tinge to the skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis). This allows swallowed food into the lungs and air into the oesophagus. Most babies born with oesophageal atresia also have tracheo-oesophageal fistula, which means the oesophagus is connected to the trachea.
The child is susceptible to reflux or heartburn. Swallowed food may occasionally lodge in the oesophagus instead of continuing into the stomach. Peristalsis (the muscular motions of the oesophagus that massage food down to the stomach) is not as coordinated as normal. In the majority of cases, the child will experience feeding difficulties, even if the operation is deemed successful. A prolonged hospital stay follows surgery. If the gap is too large to bridge, the baby may have to be tube fed for some time until the gap lessens. Preferably, the two operations are done at the same time.) Oesophageal atresia is repaired by sewing together the two halves of the tube. (If the baby also has a tracheo-oesophageal fistula, this will also need prompt repair. Oesophageal atresia requires immediate surgery. Treatment for oesophageal atresiaĭiagnosis methods include threading a slender feeding tube down the baby’s oesophagus to see if the stomach can be reached, and the use of x-rays. The incidence of oesophageal atresia or stenosis (abnormally narrow oesophagus) in Victoria is around one in every 1,800 births. Symptoms of oesophageal atresia include excessive dribbling, the inability to feed properly and vomiting. Around one third of affected babies will also have other birth defects, including congenital heart disorders and imperforate anus. Instead of attaching to the stomach, the oesophagus may end in a closed sac, or join with the trachea (windpipe) leading to the lungs. 
Oesophageal atresia is a group of malformations that block the oesophagus. Too much amniotic fluid surrounding the baby during pregnancy (polyhydramnios) may indicate the presence of these defects. The causes of these malformations are unknown, so prevention is not possible. Most babies born with oesophageal atresia also have tracheo-oesophageal fistula, which means the trachea (windpipe) leading to the lungs is connected to the oesophagus. Birth defects of the digestive tract include oesophageal atresia (obstruction of the oesophagus) and imperforate anus (malformations of the anus). During fetal development, the digestive tract may fail to develop properly. Waste (faeces) is temporarily stored in the rectum before being passed out of the body through the anus. The oesophagus is the muscular tube that connects the back of the mouth to the stomach.
The digestive tract begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.
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